Relaciones causales del riesgo para la salud de la contaminación del aire en una zona industrial
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La contaminación del aire es uno de los graves problemas para el medio ambiente y la salud de la sociedad. La evaluación del riesgo de contaminación del aire, las herramientas de evaluación de los efectos en la salud se utilizan para identificar el lugar y el momento de los efectos en la salud pública y las estrategias de prevención de riesgos para reducir los efectos negativos en la salud. Considerando que puede existir una relación entre los factores que afectan el riesgo, en este estudio se investigan las interacciones entre ellos utilizando la Prueba de Decisión Difusa y el Método de Evaluación Experimental (DEMATEL difuso). Con base en los resultados, las variables causantes en este sistema incluyen complejos industriales y puerto, sulfuro de hidrógeno, benceno, dióxido de azufre y PM10. Las variables de efecto en este sistema incluyen monóxido de carbono, ozono, hospitales y residencias de ancianos, dióxido de nitrógeno, densidad de población, PM2,5, escuelas, instalaciones industriales y de almacenamiento, carreteras, núcleos urbanos y zonas naturales, agricultura y vías fluviales. La causa del riesgo de contaminación del aire para la salud en una zona industrial es la actividad de los complejos industriales y portuarios y la presencia de sulfuro de hidrógeno, benceno, dióxido de azufre y PM10 y los efectos de estos factores afectarán la cantidad de monóxido de carbono, ozono, nitrógeno. dióxido y PM2.5. Los hospitales y residencias de ancianos, las escuelas, las instalaciones industriales y de almacenamiento, las carreteras, el núcleo urbano y las zonas naturales, la agricultura y las vías fluviales se ven afectados por otros factores. La densidad de población también se ve afectada por factores causales. Por lo tanto, al controlar la actividad de los complejos industriales, el puerto y las cantidades de sulfuro de hidrógeno, benceno, dióxido de azufre y PM10 en el aire ambiente se pueden evitar los efectos posteriores.
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