Contenido principal del artículo

Autores

El artículo presenta el uso de técnicas cartográficas de scripting para la visualización de mapas topográficos y geomorfológicos por R y GMT. Los mapas temáticos pretenden analizar la región del Perú con un enfoque específico en su geomorfología: pendiente, aspecto, elevación y sombreado realizado en las bibliotecas R «raster» y «tmap». Los materiales integrados incluyen varios conjuntos de datos integrados en la biblioteca R "OpenStreetMap": Stamen, ESRI World Imagery, Bing Maps, National Park Service. La investigación muestra un ejemplo particular del uso de conjuntos de datos de código abierto y herramientas gratuitas disponibles para la educación e investigación en línea a distancia, que se convierte en una tendencia real en la investigación geográfica moderna.

Polina Lemenkova, Academia de Ciencias de Rusia, Moscú, Rusia.

Investigadora asociada en la Universidad de Salzburgo.

Lemenkova, P. (2021). Scripting de técnicas cartográficas de R y GMT para el mapeo geomorfológico y topográfico del Perú. Entorno Geográfico, (22). https://doi.org/10.25100/eg.v0i22.11331

Alcalá, J., Palacios, D., Vázquez, L., & Zamorano, J. J. (2015). Timing of maximum glacial extent and deglaciation from HualcaHualca volcano (southern Peru), obtained with cosmogenic 36Cl. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 17. EGU2015-12930-1

Alcalá, J., Palacios, D., & Zamorano, J. J. (2016). Geomorphology of the Ampato volcanic complex (Southern Peru). Journal of Maps, 12(5), 1160–1169. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2016.1142479

Bromley, R. M., Hall, B. L., Schaefer, J. M., Winckeler, G., Todd, C. E., & Rademaker, K. M. (2011). Glacier fluctuations in the southern Peruvian Andes during the late-glacial period, constrained with cosmogenic 3He. Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1424

Clapperton, C. M. (1993). Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America. Elsevier Science.

Cobbing, E. (1982). The segmented coastal batholith of Peru; its relationship to volcanocity and metallogenesis. Earth-Science Reviews, 18(3–4), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(82)90039-3

Dornbusch, U. (1998). Current large-scale climatic conditions in Southern Peru and their influence on snowline altitudes. Erdkunde, 52(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.1998.01.04

Dornbusch, U. (2002). Pleistocene and present day snowline rise in the Cordillera Ampato, Western Cordillera, Southern Peru (15° 15' - 15°4'S and 73°30' - 72° 15' W). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 225, 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/225/2002/103

Dornbusch, U. (2005). Glacier-rock glacier relationships as climatic indicators during the late Quaternary in the Cordillera Ampato, Western Cordillera of southern Peru. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 242(1), 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.242.01.07

Gauger, S., Kuhn, G., Gohl, K., Feigl, T., Lemenkova, P., & Hillenbrand, C. (2007). Swath-bathymetric mapping. ANT-XXIII/4 R/V ’Polarstern’. Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 557, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7439231

Gohl, K., Eagles, G., Udintsev, G., Larter, R. D., Uenzelmann-Neben, G., Schenke, H.-W., Lemenkova, P., Grobys, J., Parsiegla, N., Schlueter, P., Deen. T., Kuhn, G., & Hillenbrand, C.-D. (2006a). Tectonic and sedimentary processes of the West Antarctic margin of the Amundsen Sea embayment and Pine Island Bay 2nd Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Open Science Meeting. Journal Contribution 12–14.https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7435484

Gohl, K., Uenzelmann-Neben, G., Eagles, G., Fahl, A., Feigl, T., Grobys, J., Just, J., Leinweber, V., Lensch, N., Mayr, C., Parsiegla, N., Rackebrandt, N., Schlüter, P., Suckro, S., Zimmermann, K., Gauger, S., Bohlmann, H., Netzeband, G., & Lemenkova, P. (2006b). Crustal and Sedimentary Structures and Geodynamic Evolution of the West Antarctic Continental Margin and Pine Island Bay. Expeditionsprogramm,(75), 11–12. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16473.36961

Hall, S. R., Farber, D. L., Ramage, J. M., Rodbell, D. T., Finkel, R. C., Smith, J. A., Mark, B. G., & Kassel, C. (2009). Geochronology of quaternary glaciations from the tropical Cordillera Huayhuash, Peru. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28,(25-26) 2991–3009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.08.004

Kelly, M. A., Lowell, T. V., Applegate, P. J., Smith, C. A., Phillips, F. M., & Hudson, A. M. (2012). Late glacial fluctuations of Quelccaya Ice Cap, southeastern Peru. Geology, 40(11), 991–994. https://doi.org/10.1130/G33430.1

Klaučo, M., Gregorová, B., Koleda, P., Stankov, U., Marković, V., & Lemenkova, P. (2017). Land planning as a support for sustainable development based on tourism: A case study of Slovak Rural Region. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 16(2), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2017.045

Klaučo, M., Gregorová, B., Stankov, U., Marković, V., & Lemenkova, P. (2013). Determination of ecological significance based on geostatistical assessment: a case study from the Slovak Natura 2000 protected area. Open Geosciences, 5(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13533-012-0120-0

Kull, C., & Grosjean, M. (2000). Late Pleistocene climate conditions in the north Chilean Andes drawn from a climate–glacier model. Journal of Glaciology, 46(155), 622–632. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832611

Kuhn, G., Hass, C., Kober, M., Petitat, M., Feigl, T., Hillenbrand, C. D., Kruger, S., Forwick, M., Gauger, S., & Lemenkova, P. (2006). The response of quaternary climatic cycles in the south-east pacific: development of the opal belt and dynamics behavior of the west antarctic ice sheet. Expeditionsprogramm (75) ANT XXIII/4, AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11468.87687

Lemenkov, V., & Lemenkova, P. (2021). Using TeX Markup Language for 3D and 2D Geological Plotting. Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, 46(1), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.2478/fcds-2021-0004

Lemenkova, P., Promper, C., & Glade, T. (2012). Economic Assessment of Landslide Risk for the Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs Region, Alpine Foreland, Lower Austria. Protecting Society through Improved Understanding. 11th International Symposium on Landslides & the 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides & Engineered Slopes (NASL), June 2–8, 2012. Canada, Banff, 279–285. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7434230

Lemenkova, P. (2019a). GMT Based Comparative Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping of the Kermadec and Tonga Trenches, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Geographia Technica, 14(2), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.21163/GT_2019.142.04

Lemenkova, P. (2019b). Automatic Data Processing for Visualising Yap and Palau Trenches by Generic Mapping Tools. Cartographic Letters, 27(2), 72–89. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11544048

Lemenkova, P. (2019c). Statistical Analysis of the Mariana Trench Geomorphology Using R Programming Language. Geodesy and Cartography, 45(2), 57–84. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2019.3785

Lemenkova, P. (2019d). Testing Linear Regressions by StatsModel Library of Python for Oceanological Data Interpretation. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 34(2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2019547010

Lemenkova, P. (2019e). AWK and GNU Octave Programming Languages Integrated with Generic Mapping Tools for Geomorphological Analysis. GeoScience Engineering, 65(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.35180/gse-2019-0020

Lemenkova, P. (2019f). Geomorphological modelling and mapping of the Peru-Chile Trench by GMT. Polish Cartographical Review, 51(4), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2019-0015

Lemenkova, P. (2020a). Variations in the bathymetry and bottom morphology of the Izu-Bonin Trench modelled by GMT. Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series, 18(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2020-0004

Lemenkova, P. (2020b). Gebco Gridded Bathymetric Datasets for Mapping Japan Trench Geomorphology by Means of GMT Scripting Toolset. Geodesy and Cartography, 46(3), 98–112. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2020.11524

Lemenkova, P. (2020c). Geomorphology of the Puerto Rico Trench and Cayman Trough in the Context of the Geological Evolution of the Caribbean Sea. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia, 75, 115–141. DOI: 10.17951/b.2020.75.115-141

Lemenkova, P. (2020d). The geomorphology of the Makran Trench in the context of the geological and geophysical settings of the Arabian Sea. Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 46(3), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2020.46.3.205

Lemenkova, P. (2020e). Using GMT for 2D and 3D Modeling of the Ryukyu Trench Topography, Pacific Ocean. Miscellanea Geographica, 25(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0038

Lemenkova, P. (2020f). GRASS GIS for topographic and geophysical mapping of the Peru-Chile Trench. Forum Geografic 19(2),143–157. DOI: 10.5775/fg.2020.009.d

Lemenkova, P. (2020g). Métodos cartográficos de script de gmt para mapear as trincheiras da nova grã-bretanha e san cristobal, mar de salomão, papua-nova guiné. Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral, 22(3), 122–142. https://doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v22n3.717

Rose, J. (1996). Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of South America. Journal of Quaternary Science, 11(5), 432–433. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199609/10)11:5<432::AID-JQS246>3.0.CO;2-R

R Core Team (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/

RStudio Team (2017). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA. https://www.RStudio.com/

Schenke, H. W., & Lemenkova, P. (2008). Zur Frage der Meeresboden-Kartographie: Die Nutzung von AutoTrace Digitizer für die Vektorisierung der Bathymetrischen Daten in der Petschora-See. Hydrographische Nachrichten, (81), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7435538

Schulz, G. (1994). Die pleistozane Vergletscherung der Anden Perus und Boliviens abgeleitet aus Formen einer flachendeckend-integrativen Hohenlinienanalyse. Berliner Geographischen Abhandlungen,(58). https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3272

Suetova, I., Ushakova, L., & Lemenkova, P. (2005a). Geoinformation mapping of the Barents and Pechora Seas. Geography and Natural Resources, (4), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7435535

Suetova, I., Ushakova, L., & Lemenkova, P. (2005b). Geoecological Mapping of the Barents Sea Using GIS. International Cartographic Conference. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7435529

Tennekes, M. (2018). tmap: Thematic Maps in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 84(6), 1–39. DOI:10.18637/jss.v084.i06

Ubeda, J. (2013). Cronologías glaciales del sector NE del nevado Coropuna (Perú): implicaciones geomorfológicas y paleoclimáticas. Boletín De La Asociación De Geógrafos Españoles, 62. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.1576

Weibel, M., Frangipane-Gysel, M., & Hunziker, J. (1978). Ein Beitrag zur Vulkanologie Süd-Perus. Geol Rundsch, 67, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01803264

Wessel, P., & Smith, W. H. F. (1996). A Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Shoreline Database. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 101(B4), 8741–8743. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00104

Wessel, P., & Smith, W. H. F. (1995). New version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. Eos Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 76(33), 329–329. https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00198